What is a TENS Machine?
A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) machine is a widely used, non-invasive pain relief method for a range of conditions and injuries. This small, handheld device either connects to the skin via thin wires attached to adhesive pads (electrodes) or operates wirelessly with tens electrodes connected via Bluetooth, which is the more popular method.
When the TENS device is switched on, electrical impulses are transmitted through the electrodes to the body. These low-voltage electrical signals interfere with the transmission of pain signals to the brain by stimulating the nerves, effectively reducing pain perception. This mechanism is known as the gate control theory of pain, which suggests that non-painful input (like electrical stimulation) closes the "gate" to painful input, preventing pain sensations from reaching the brain.
TENS machines offer the flexibility to adjust frequency (how often pulses are delivered) and intensity (how strong the pulses are), allowing the treatment to be tailored to the severity of the injury or condition.
Typically, a single treatment lasts between 15 to 60 minutes, but users can adjust this based on their comfort levels. Many people report a mild tingling or warming sensation when using the device.
One of the key advantages of TENS therapy is that it is non-addictive. Unlike pharmacological treatments, which may carry the risk of dependency or side effects.
What is an EMS Machine?
An EMS machine is another form of electrical stimulation, but it’s primarily used for muscle rehabilitation and strengthening rather than pain relief. Like TENS, EMS devices also use electrical impulses, but the goal here is to stimulate muscle contraction rather than block pain signals.
In an EMS session, electrodes are placed over specific muscle groups. The electrical impulses cause the muscles to contract—this simulates the natural muscle movement you’d get from physical activity or exercise. EMS is commonly used in physical therapy for patients recovering from surgery or injury, helping them regain strength and muscle function.
One of the key differences between TENS and EMS is the strength of the electrical current. EMS machines deliver stronger electrical impulses than TENS units, causing muscles to contract more forcefully. This is why EMS is especially effective for muscle recovery, as it helps prevent muscle atrophy (muscle wasting) and promotes muscle growth.
Find out more about The best EMS machines for muscle growth and recovery.
Why Do People Use TENS Devices?
TENS machines are used for a wide range of conditions that involve pain management. Some of the most common conditions treated with TENS include:
- Arthritis (Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis)
- Fibromyalgia
- Labour Pain (during childbirth)
- Menstrual Cramps
- TMJ
- Sciatica
- Lower Back Pain
- Endometriosis
- Nerve Pain (Neuropathy)
TENS machines don’t cure these conditions but can provide temporary relief by reducing pain, allowing users to carry on with their daily activities. It’s especially beneficial for people who want to avoid medication or who need a quick, non-invasive solution for pain management.
What is an EMS Machine Used For?
EMS machines are widely used for neuromuscular rehabilitation. That means they help to re-educate muscles and stimulate them to contract and relax in a way that improves strength, flexibility, and overall function. Some of the most common uses for EMS include:
- Muscle Recovery and Growth: EMS stimulates the muscles, increasing blood flow to the area, which helps with faster recovery and promotes muscle repair.
- Reducing Inflammation and Edema: By improving circulation, EMS can help reduce swelling and inflammation in the affected areas.
- Preventing Muscle Atrophy: EMS is great for people who have been immobilised due to surgery or injury. It helps to maintain muscle activity, preventing the muscles from weakening during recovery.
- Improving Muscle Tone and Strength: Many athletes use EMS to boost performance, enhance endurance, and improve muscle tone.
Many modern EMS devices are now available for home use, making it easy for anyone to benefit from this form of therapy without needing to visit a clinic. These devices are often user-friendly and come with helpful guides to ensure you get the most out of your sessions.
TENS vs EMS: What’s the Difference?
While TENS and EMS machines both use electrical impulses to treat pain or discomfort, their applications and goals are different:
- TENS Machines: Primarily for pain relief. TENS is best used to manage pain from conditions like arthritis, sciatica, or sports injuries by blocking pain signals from reaching the brain.
- EMS Machines: Primarily for muscle rehabilitation. EMS stimulates muscle contraction and helps with muscle strengthening, recovery, and preventing atrophy, making it ideal for post-surgery or injury recovery.
Are TENS and EMS Machines Safe to Use?
Both TENS and EMS machines are generally safe when used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. However, there are a few things to keep in mind:
- Skin Irritation: Prolonged use of electrodes, especially on sensitive skin, can lead to mild irritation or redness. Using hypoallergenic electrodes or switching to sensitive-skin pads can help minimise this risk.
- EMS Sensations: EMS units use stronger electrical impulses than TENS, so some users might experience a burning sensation or mild shock if the intensity is too high. This is rare, and adjusting the settings should resolve the issue.
There are also contraindications to be aware of:
- Heart Conditions: If you have a pacemaker, defibrillator, or any other heart-related device, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before using either TENS or EMS. Electrical impulses can interfere with the function of these devices.
- Pregnancy: If you’re pregnant, particularly during the early stages, you should speak to your doctor or midwife before using a TENS machine during labor, as it may not be suitable for everyone.
How Much Do EMS & TENS Machines Cost?
Both TENS and EMS machines are surprisingly affordable, especially when compared to long-term medication or in-person therapy sessions. Prices can vary based on features, brands, and whether the device is wired or wireless.
Here’s a general breakdown:
- EMS Machines: £29 - £140
- TENS Machines: £29 - £140
- Wireless TENS Machines: £29 - £95
- Combined TENS & EMS Machines: £29 - £95+
