What is Nail Fungus? - Infection, Treatments & Causes

What is Nail Fungus?

Nail fungus, or onychomycosis (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis), is a common infection that typically starts as a small white or yellow-brown spot under the tip of a fingernail or toenail.

As the infection worsens, it can cause the nail to discolor, thicken, and crumble at the edges. This condition, also known as tinea unguium, can affect multiple nails and often requires prompt treatment to prevent further complications.

Symptoms of Nail Fungus

Recognising the signs of nail fungus early is crucial for effective treatment. Common symptoms include:

1. Color Changes: Nails may turn yellow, brown, or white.
2. Thickened Nails: Infected nails often become unusually thick.
3. Distorted Shape: The nail may become misshapen.
4. Chalkiness or Cloudiness: White or cloudy patches may appear on the nail surface.
5. Nail Separation: The nail may start to lift away from the nail bed.
6. Cracks and Breaks: Infected nails may develop cracks or break easily.
   
   

Causes of Nail Fungus

Nail fungus is caused by microscopic fungi that invade the nail through small cuts or separations between the nail and the skin. Common sources of infection include:

• Direct Contact: Fungi can spread from person to person through direct contact with an infected individual.
• Warm, Moist Environments: Walking barefoot in places like pool decks or locker rooms, where fungi thrive, increases the risk of infection.
• Contaminated Tools: Sharing nail clippers, towels, or other personal items can spread the fungus.
• Moisture Exposure: Frequent exposure to moisture, such as wearing damp socks or shoes, creates an ideal environment for fungal growth.

How to Treat Nail Fungus

If you suspect a fungal nail infection and require nail fungus treatment, addressing it promptly is key to preventing further damage. Here are some effective treatment options:

Laser Treatment: A popular and non-invasive option, Nail laser therapy targets and destroys fungal cells within the nail and surrounding tissue. It’s precise, with minimal discomfort and no downtime.

Topical Antifungal Creams: These creams can be effective, especially when used alongside laser treatment to enhance results.

Snakeroot Extract: This plant-based extract has antifungal properties that can be as effective as some over-the-counter treatments.

Oils: Oils like sunflower or olive oil treated with ozone gases have shown promise in treating nail fungus.

Oregano Oil: Containing the antifungal compound thymol, oregano oil is a natural remedy, though it should be used with caution due to potential side effects.

Preventing Nail Fungus: Do’s and Don’ts

Do's:

Keep Nails Clean and Dry: Regularly clean and dry your nails, paying special attention to the spaces between your toes.

Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands and feet with soap and water, using antifungal soap if needed.

Trim Nails Properly: Cut nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short. Always use clean, sanitised clippers.

Choose Breathable Footwear:  Wear shoes made from materials like leather or mesh to reduce moisture buildup.

Rotate Footwear: Allow shoes and socks to dry completely between uses.

Don'ts:

• Avoid Sharing Personal Items: Do not share nail tools, towels, or footwear to prevent spreading infections.
• Don't Walk Barefoot in Public: Avoid walking barefoot in public places, especially in humid environments where fungi thrive.
• Say No to Tight Shoes: Avoid tight, non-breathable shoes that trap moisture and promote fungal growth.
• Change Damp Socks and Shoes Quickly: Switch out of wet socks and shoes as soon as possible to prevent moisture buildup.
• Minimise Nail Trauma: Protect your nails from injury to reduce the risk of fungal infections.